小學英語語法總復習知識點歸納
1
時態
(相關資料圖)
1.一般現在時
(1)表示經常發生的動作或事情，通常用 “usually通常, often常常, every…每…, sometimes有時，always總是,”等詞。
(2)基本結構:
主語I / You / We / They /He / She / It
肯定句：主語+ 動詞原形或動詞第三人稱單數形式
否定句：主語+ don’t + 動詞原形 或者doesn’t + 動原
一般疑問句(Yes/No) Do… ? Yes, I do. No,I don’t.
Does…(動詞原形)…? Yes,he/she does. No,he/she doesn’t.
特殊疑問句 What do …? How does she…(動詞原形)…?
(3) 動詞第三人稱單數形式(同名詞單數變成復數方法相同)
1. 一般情況 +s 如:walk-walks
2. 輔音字母+y結尾 去y +ies fly-flies
3. 結尾是 s, x， sh, ch +es watch-watches
4. 結尾是0 +es do-does, go-goes
5. 特殊 have-has
2．現在進行時
(1)表示正在發生的動作，通常用“now現在, look看，linsen聽”.
(2)基本形式: be + 動詞-ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating.
What are you doing? Is he reading?
(3)動詞的現在分詞形式(動詞+ing)
一般情況 +ing walk—walking
結尾是不發音的 e -e + ing come—coming 重讀閉音節 雙寫最后一個字母+ing swim-swimming run-running
3. 一般過去時
(1) 表示過去已經發生的事情,通常用 “last …上一個…, just now剛才, many years ago許多年前， yesterday昨天”等詞。
(2) be 動詞的過去式: am/is—was are—were
(3)過去式基本結構
肯定句：主語+ 動詞過去式
I went shopping last night.
否定句：主語 + didn’t + 動詞原形
I didn’t go shopping last night.
一般疑問句(Yes/No)
Did …+ 動詞原形…?
Did you go shopping last night?
特殊疑問句(wh-) What did…+ 動詞原形…?
What did you do last night?
(4)動詞過去式的變化:
規則動詞的變化:
(1)一般動詞 +ed
planted,watered,climbed
(2) 以不發音的e結尾 +d
liked tied
(3)輔音字母加y結尾 -y+ ied
study—studied, cry- cried
(4)重讀閉音節單詞，末尾只有一個輔音字雙寫最后一個字母+ed
plan – planned stop –stopped
4.一般將來時
一般將來時表示將來打算做的事或將要發生的事情。常常與tomorrow, next Sunday 等時間狀語連用。
結構:be going to +動詞原形或will +動詞原形
例如:I’m going to visit my grandpa next week.
2
人稱代詞
主格 I we you he she it they
賓格me us you him her it them
形容詞性物主代詞my our your his her its their
名詞性物主代詞mine ours yours his hers its theris
(注:介詞，動詞后面跟賓格。后面沒有名詞時用名詞性物主代詞。)
3
可數名詞的復數形式
1.一般名詞: + s book –books
2.輔音字母加y結尾: - y+ ies story—stories
3.以s, x，sh, ch ，結尾: + es glass—glasses; a watch-watches
以o結尾:
1)有生命的 +es potato-potatoes非絕對
2) 無生命的 +s photo-photoes非絕對
4.以f或fe結尾: - f 或fe 變為ves knife –knives; shelf-shelves
5.特殊的名詞復數:
man-men
woman-women
policeman-policemen
policewoman-policewomen
mouse-mice
child-children
foot-feet
tooth-teeth
leaf-leaves
Chinese-Chinese
4
不可數名詞(沒有復數形式)
bread, rice, water, juice，milk，tea，coffee...
5
縮寫形式
I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is
he’s = he is hasn’t = he has(got)
it’s = it is who’s =who is
can’t =can not isn’t=is not
didn’t=did not weren’t=were not
wasn’t=was not let’s=let us I’ll=I will
6
a. an .the的用法
1.單詞的第一讀音是輔音讀音:a book, a peach， a “U”
單詞的第一個讀音是元音讀音:an egg， an hour， an “F”
2.the要注意的:球類前面不加the，play football
樂器前面要加the，play the piano
序數詞前面要加the, the second
7
介詞
1.表示方位:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.，under
2.表示時間:
(1)at : 幾點前面用at如:at six o’clock, 沒有day的節日前用at如 :at Christmas, 固定詞組 at the weekends ，at night
(2)on: 用于星期，日期，某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具體的某一天時)
on Sunday在星期天 on Sunday morning 在星期天的上午 on March 8 在3月8日; 帶有Day的節日前用on 如: on National Day
(3)in: 早晨，中午，晚上前用in:in the morning ，in the afternoon ，in the evening ， 月份前用in ，如in December ;季節前用in ，如 winter;年份前用 in，如 in 1999
8
基數詞變成序數詞的方法
1. 直接在基數詞詞尾加上th。
如:seventh第七，tenth 第十，thirteenth 第十三，
2.以y結尾的基數詞，變y為i，再加上eth。
如:twentieth 第二十。
3.不規則的。
如:first 第一, second 第二， third 第三，fifth 第五， eighth 第八，ninth 第九，twelfth 第十二。
4.有兩個或以上單詞組成的基數詞只改最后一個單詞如twenty-first 第二十一。
9
some /any的用法
1.肯定句中用some:
I have some toys in my bedroom.
2.問句和否定句中用any:
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
He hasn’t got any pencils in his pencil-case.
3.詢問想要什么時用some:
Would you like some juice?
Can I have some stamps?
10
there be結構
1.肯定句(有…): There is +單數或不可數名詞
There are +復數
注:遵循就近原則，看靠there be最近的
2.一般疑問句(有…嗎,):
Is there …?
Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
Are there…?
Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
3.否定句(沒有):
There isn’t ….
There aren’t….
4.there be句型與have(has) 的區別:
there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);
have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。
11
祈使句
Sit down ,please.
Don’t open the door, please.
Let’s go to the park.
(注:祈使句中動詞用原形)
12
（情態）動詞
can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用動詞原形。
1. I / He / She / They can sing.
May I come in?
I must go now.
2. You should be quiet in the library.
3. You’ll be good friends.
13
特殊疑問句
1.What 什么(問什么事,什么物或什么工作等)
What are you doing?
I’m reading.
What did you do yesterday?
I played basketball.
What are you going to do?
I’m going to do homework.
What is that?
It’s a book.
What does he/she do?
She’s a nurse.
What time is it?
It’s seven.
2. What colour 問顏色
What colour is your coat?
It’s red.
3.when 什么時候
When do you get up?
I get up at six thirty.
When is your birthday?
It’s on the 21st of December.
4.Which哪一個
Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?
The yellow is mine.
5.Who誰
Who is the man with a big nose?
He’s my uncle.
6.Whose誰的
Whose bag is it?
It’s his bag.
7.Where哪里
Where is my pen?
It’s under the book.
8.Why為什么
Why do you like summer?
Because…
9.How many 多少
How many books are there in the school bag?
There are four books in the school bag.
10. How old 幾歲
How old is the young man?
He’s nineteen.
11.How much多少錢
How much is the toy bear?
It’s eleven yuan.
12.How 怎么樣（How long/ big/tall？）
How do you go to school everyday?
I go to school by car.
How long is the river?
It’s 10 miles long.
14
已經學過的動詞
來源 | 優優趣樂英語
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